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The List of World Heritage in Danger is compiled by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) through the World Heritage Committee according to Article 11.4 of the World Heritage Convention,〔Full title: ''Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage''〕 which was established in 1972 to designate and manage World Heritage Sites. Entries in the list are threatened World Heritage Sites for the conservation of which major operations are required and for which "assistance has been requested". The list is intended to increase international awareness of the threats and to encourage counteractive measures.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=List of World Heritage in Danger )〕 Threats to a site can be either proven imminent threats or potential dangers that could have adverse effects on a site. In the case of natural sites, ascertained dangers include the serious decline in the population of an endangered or other valuable species or the deterioration of natural beauty or scientific value of a property caused by human activities such as logging, pollution, settlement, mining, agriculture and major public works. Ascertained dangers for cultural properties include serious deterioration of materials, structure, ornaments or architectural coherence and the loss of historical authenticity or cultural significance. Potential dangers for both cultural and natural sites include development projects, armed conflicts, insufficient management systems or changes in the legal protective status of the properties. In the case of cultural sites, gradual changes due to geology, climate or environment can also be potential dangers. Before a property is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, its condition is assessed and a potential programme for corrective measures is developed in cooperation with the State Party involved. The final decision about inscription is made by the committee. Financial support from the World Heritage Fund may be allocated by the committee for listed properties. The state of conservation is reviewed on a yearly basis, after which the committee may request additional measures, delete the property from the list if the threats have ceased or consider deletion from both the List of World Heritage in Danger and the World Heritage List.〔 Of the two Former UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Dresden Elbe Valley was delisted after placement on the List of World Heritage in Danger while the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was directly delisted.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oman's Arabian Oryx Sanctuary: first site ever to be deleted from UNESCO's World Heritage List )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dresden is deleted from UNESCO’s World Heritage List )〕 As of 2012, there are 38 entries (17 natural, 21 cultural) on the List of World Heritage in Danger.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=List of World Heritage in Danger )〕 Some sites have been designated as World Heritage Sites and World Heritage in Danger in the same year, such as the Church of the Nativity, traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Jesus. Many of the listed sites are located in the developing world with 17 in Africa (of which 5 are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo), 9 in Asia,〔Includes the Jerusalem site〕 8 in the Americas and 4 in Europe.〔Includes two sites in Georgia〕 The majority of the endangered natural sites (12) are located in Africa. In some cases, danger listing has sparked conservation efforts and prompted the release of funds, resulting in a positive development for sites such as the Galápagos Islands and Yellowstone National Park, both of which have subsequently been removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Despite this, the list itself and UNESCO's implementation of it have been the focus of criticism. In particular, States Parties and other stakeholders of World Heritage Sites have questioned the authority of the Committee to declare a site in danger without their consent. Until 1992, when UNESCO set a precedent by placing several sites on the danger list against their wishes, States Parties would have submitted a programme of corrective measures before a site could be listed. Instead of being used as intended, the List of World Heritage in Danger is perceived by some states as a black list and according to Christina Cameron, Professor at the School of Architecture, Canada Research Chair on Built Heritage, University of Montreal, has been used as political tool to get the attention of States Parties. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) notes that UNESCO has referenced the List of World Heritage in Danger (without actually listing the site) in a number of cases where the threat could be easily addressed by the State Party. The Union also argues that keeping a site listed as endangered over a long period is questionable and that other mechanisms for conservation should be sought in these cases. ==Currently listed sites== ;Table legend :Name; as listed by the World Heritage Committee〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=List of World Heritage in Danger )〕 :Location; at city or provincial level and country name, with coordinates; column sorts by state〔The Jerusalem site is not associated with a state by UNESCO and sorts as "Jerusalem".〕 :Criteria; the site was listed under :Area; in hectares and acres if provided by UNESCO :Year (WHS); the year the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List :Endangered; the year the site appeared on the List of World Heritage in Danger :Reason; threats to the site which prompted UNESCO to list it as in danger 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of World Heritage in Danger」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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